Asset Accounting (FI-AA) is a vital component of SAP's
Financial Accounting module. It ensures accurate recording, tracking, and
reporting of fixed assets throughout their lifecycle—from acquisition
to retirement. For finance professionals and SAP consultants, understanding
the correct Tcodes (transaction codes) is essential for a seamless configuration
of the Asset Accounting module.
Introduction to SAP Asset Accounting (FI-AA)
Importance of FI-AA in Financial Reporting
SAP FI-AA enables businesses to manage and monitor their
fixed assets in a structured way. It helps ensure compliance with tax and
accounting standards, facilitates asset-related transactions, and integrates
seamlessly with other modules like General Ledger (GL), Accounts Payable
(AP), and Controlling (CO).
Overview of Configuration Process
Asset accounting setup typically involves defining organizational
structures, assigning depreciation methods, integrating with GL accounts,
and configuring master data elements such as asset classes and number ranges.
Step-by-Step SAP Asset Accounting Configuration Tcodes
1. Copy Chart of Depreciation
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Tcode: EC08
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Path: IMG > Financial Accounting > Asset Accounting > Organizational
Structures > Copy reference chart of depreciation
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Purpose: Duplicate an existing chart of depreciation for
easier customization.
2. Assign Chart of Depreciation to Company Code
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Tcode: OAOB
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Path: IMG > Asset Accounting > Organizational Structures
> Assign chart of depreciation to company code
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Purpose: Links your company code to the chart of depreciation
to enable asset posting.
3. Link Financial Statement Version to Depreciation Area
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Tcode: OAYN
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Purpose: Defines how asset values appear in financial reports
by associating statement versions.
4. Define Asset Classes
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Tcode: OAOA
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Purpose: Categorizes assets (e.g., buildings, machinery)
to define default values and behaviors.
5. Define Account Determination & Screen Layout Rules
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Tcodes:
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SPRO – Access the IMG path
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OBCL – Assign tax codes for non-taxable transactions
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Create Screen Layouts (via IMG path, no specific Tcode)
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Purpose:
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Account determination helps in linking asset transactions
to the correct GL accounts.
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Screen layout rules control the field statuses during asset
master creation.
6. Define GL Accounts for Asset Classes
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Tcode: AO90
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Path: IMG > Asset Accounting > Master Data > Assign GL Accounts
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Purpose: Ensure correct integration between Asset Accounting
and General Ledger for all postings.
7. Set Up Number Ranges for Asset Master Data
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Tcodes:
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AS08 – Define number range intervals for master records
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FBN1 – Set number ranges for depreciation postings
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Purpose: Ensures unique identifiers for assets and related
financial documents.
8. Configure Depreciation Areas and Layouts
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Tcodes:
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AO21 – Define screen layouts for asset depreciation areas
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OAYZ – Assign depreciation areas to asset classes
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Purpose: Allows multiple valuation bases (e.g., tax, book,
IFRS) and screen customizations.
9. Generate Asset Classes from GL Accounts
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Tcode: ANKL
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Purpose: Automatically generates asset classes based on associated
GL accounts to reduce manual setup.
10. Define Required Entry Fields in Asset Classes
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Tcodes:
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SPRO – Specify required fields during asset master creation
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OAYZ – Set default values for asset classes
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Purpose: Standardizes data entry and avoids missing critical
information in master data.
11. Configure Special Asset Classes (LVA)
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Tcodes:
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OAYK – Define maximum value for low-value assets (LVA)
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OAY2 – Assign LVA-specific asset classes
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Purpose: Helps track and manage assets with lower acquisition
values according to legal and reporting standards.
12. Set Intervals and Posting Rules
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Tcode: OAYR
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Purpose: Set posting intervals (monthly, quarterly) and rules
for depreciation runs.
13. Define Depreciation Keys and Methods
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Tcodes:
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AFAMA – Create and define depreciation keys
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AFAMD – Define declining balance methods
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AFAMS – Define multi-level depreciation methods
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AFAMP – Define period control methods
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Purpose: Enable precise calculation methods for asset depreciation
in line with accounting standards.
14. Configure Tax Settings
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Tcode: FTXP
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Purpose: Create 0% tax codes for non-taxable asset transactions
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Ensures tax compliance and accurate tax reporting.
15. Asset Transactions and Master Data Management
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Tcodes:
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AS01 – Create asset master
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AS11 – Create sub-asset
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F-90 – Post asset acquisition
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F-92 – Post asset sale
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ABUMN – Transfer asset within company
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ABAVN – Scrap asset
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AW01 – View asset explorer
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Purpose: Enables complete asset lifecycle operations from
creation to retirement.
16. Execute Depreciation Run
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Tcode: AFAB
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Purpose: Period-end closing activity to calculate and post
depreciation to the General Ledger.
FAQs on Tcodes for Configuring Assets Accounting
1. What is the first step in configuring asset accounting
in SAP?
The initial step is to copy an existing chart of depreciation
using Tcode EC08. This serves as a template for customizing your depreciation
settings.
2. Which Tcode is used for assigning chart of depreciation
to company code?
Tcode OAOB is used to assign a chart of depreciation to your
company code, enabling asset postings.
3. How do you define asset classes in SAP?
Use Tcode OAOA to define asset classes, which categorize
your assets and control default values and screen layouts.
4. What is AO90 used for?
AO90 integrates your asset classes with General Ledger accounts,
ensuring correct accounting postings.
5. How to run asset depreciation in SAP?
Use Tcode AFAB to execute the depreciation run. This calculates
and posts the depreciation values.
6. What is the purpose of OAYR?
OAYR is used to specify intervals and posting rules for depreciation,
such as monthly or yearly posting cycles.
Conclusion
Configuring asset accounting in SAP may seem complex at first,
but having the right list of Tcodes and a step-by-step process simplifies
the journey. Whether you're defining depreciation keys, setting up GL integration,
or executing asset purchases and scrapping, every Tcode plays a critical
role in ensuring compliance and financial accuracy.
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